Learning Management System (LMS) Spec Template

SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) is the legacy standard for e-learning content packaging. It tracks basic data: completion, score, and time spent. xAPI (Experience API, also called Tin Can) is the modern successor. It tracks any learning experience (videos watched, articles read, simulations completed, on-the-job activities) and stores them as statements in a Learning Record Store. If you are building a new LMS, support both: SCORM for backward compatibility with existing content, xAPI for modern tracking capabilities. Define your [product metrics](/glossary/aarrr-pirate-metrics) based on which standard your content library uses.

Buy if your primary need is compliance training and you have fewer than 5,000 employees. The compliance reporting and content library of established vendors (Cornerstone, Docebo, Absorb) take years to replicate. Build if learning is a core product differentiator (e.g., you are an edtech company), if you need deep integration with proprietary systems, or if your learning model is fundamentally different from what off-the-shelf products support.

Three evidence-based approaches: (1) Microlearning. Break courses into 5-10 minute modules that fit into a workday. Completion rates for micro-modules are 2-3x higher than 60-minute courses. (2) Social proof. Show "X colleagues completed this course" and peer recommendations. (3) Manager involvement. When managers assign and discuss learning in 1:1s, completion rates increase significantly. Track these approaches with your [analytics dashboard](/analytics-guide) to see which drives the most engagement.

Use the Kirkpatrick model: Level 1 (Reaction) measures learner satisfaction. Level 2 (Learning) measures knowledge gained via pre/post assessments. Level 3 (Behavior) measures on-the-job application via manager observation. Level 4 (Results) measures business impact (reduced incidents, improved performance ratings, faster ramp time). Most LMS products only measure Levels 1-2. Build Level 3-4 tracking by integrating training data with performance review and business metrics.

WCAG 2.1 AA is the minimum standard. This means: keyboard navigation for all course player controls, screen reader compatibility for all content types, captions on all video content, sufficient color contrast, and alternative text for images. For US federal contractors, Section 508 compliance is legally required. Build accessibility testing into your QA process, not as an afterthought. Use the [product analytics handbook](/analytics-guide) to track accessibility-related support tickets and identify gaps. ---