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Research and DiscoveryU

Usability Testing

Definition

A research method in which representative users attempt to complete realistic tasks with a product or prototype while researchers observe and collect data. Usability tests can be moderated or unmoderated, in-person or remote. PMs use usability testing to identify friction points, validate design decisions, and build confidence that a solution is intuitive before (or after) shipping.

Why It Matters for Product Managers

Understanding usability testing is critical for product managers because it directly influences how teams prioritize work, measure progress, and deliver value to users. PMs use usability testing to identify friction points, validate design decisions, and build confidence that a solution is intuitive before (or after) shipping. Without a clear grasp of this concept, PMs risk making decisions based on assumptions rather than evidence, which can lead to wasted engineering effort and missed market opportunities.

How It Works in Practice

In practice, product teams apply this technique during the discovery phase of product development:

  • Plan — Define the research question and decide on the appropriate method, sample size, and timeline.
  • Recruit — Identify and schedule participants who represent the target user segment.
  • Execute — Conduct the research following the methodology, capturing both qualitative observations and quantitative data.
  • Synthesize — Analyze findings, identify patterns, and translate insights into actionable recommendations for the product team.

    • Effective use of usability testing prevents teams from building features based on assumptions and ensures that investment flows toward validated user needs.

    Common Pitfalls

  • Running the technique without a clear hypothesis or research question, which leads to unfocused results.
  • Relying on a single research method instead of triangulating with complementary approaches.
  • Letting stakeholder opinions override what the data and user feedback actually reveal.

    • Related Concepts

    To build a more complete picture, explore these related concepts: Prototype, Design Sprint, A/B Testing, and Tree Testing. Each connects to this term and together they form a toolkit that product managers draw on daily.

    Related Terms

    PrototypeDesign SprintA/B TestingTree Testing

    Frequently Asked Questions

    What is usability testing in product management?+
    A research method in which representative users attempt to complete realistic tasks with a product or prototype while researchers observe and collect data. Product managers use this concept to make more informed decisions and deliver better outcomes for users and the business.
    When should a product team use usability testing?+
    Product teams should use usability testing during the discovery phase when they need to validate assumptions, understand user behavior, or test demand for a new feature. It is most effective when combined with complementary research methods to triangulate findings.
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