Quick Answer (TL;DR)
Customer Effort Score (CES) measures ease of completing a task or resolving an issue. The formula is Average score on 1-7 scale. Industry benchmarks: >5.5 is good. Track this metric when measuring support or UX friction.
What Is Customer Effort Score (CES)?
Ease of completing a task or resolving an issue. CES was developed by Gartner (formerly CEB) based on research published in Harvard Business Review, which found that reducing customer effort is a stronger predictor of loyalty than exceeding expectations. This is one of the core metrics in the referral metrics category and is essential for any product team serious about data-driven decision making.
Customer Effort Score (CES) measures the organic growth potential of your product. Referral and word-of-mouth metrics are powerful because they represent growth that does not require proportional increases in marketing spend.
Understanding customer effort score (ces) in context, alongside related metrics, gives you a more complete picture than tracking it in isolation. Use it as part of a balanced metrics dashboard.
The Formula
Average score on 1-7 scale
How to Calculate It
Apply the formula Average score on 1-7 scale using data from a consistent time period. Pull the values from your analytics platform or data warehouse, compute the result, and compare against the benchmarks below.
Benchmarks
>5.5 is good
Benchmarks vary significantly by industry, company stage, business model, and customer segment. Use these ranges as starting points and calibrate to your own historical data over 2-3 quarters. Your trend matters more than any absolute number. Consistent improvement is the goal.
When to Track Customer Effort Score (CES)
When measuring support or UX friction. Specifically, prioritize this metric when:
- You are building or reviewing your metrics dashboard and need referral indicators
- Leadership or investors ask about referral performance
- You suspect a change in product, pricing, or go-to-market strategy has affected this area
- You are running experiments that could impact customer effort score (ces)
- You need a quantitative baseline before making a strategic decision
How to Improve
- Make sharing frictionless. Reduce the steps required to refer someone. Pre-written messages, one-click sharing, and in-product referral prompts significantly increase participation rates.
- Incentivize both sides. The most effective referral programs reward both the referrer and the referred user. Two-sided incentives increase conversion 2-3x compared to one-sided rewards.
- Time referral asks strategically. Ask for referrals immediately after a user experiences a moment of delight. Completing a milestone, receiving positive results, or upgrading their plan.
- Close the feedback loop. Collecting scores is only valuable if you act on them. Route low scores to the right team for follow-up and track improvement over time. Gartner's customer effort research provides detailed guidance on scoring methodology and effort-reduction strategies.
Common Pitfalls
- Survey fatigue. Over-surveying your users leads to low response rates and selection bias. Collect scores at strategic moments rather than constantly.
- Measuring program activity instead of outcomes. Referral invites sent is a vanity metric. Track actual conversions and the downstream revenue generated by referred customers.
- Measuring without acting. Tracking this metric is only valuable if you have a process for reviewing it regularly and a playbook for responding when it moves outside acceptable ranges.
Related Metrics
- Customer Satisfaction (CSAT): satisfaction rating for a specific interaction
- Review Rating: average rating on third-party review sites
- Invites Sent Per User: average referral invitations per active user
- Social Shares: number of times your product/content is shared
- Product Metrics Cheat Sheet: complete reference of 100+ metrics